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Call for mandatory cycling helmets from children's hospital consultant

"We would love to see it become a requirement in Ireland"...

An Irish children's hospital consultant has spoken out making the case for cyclists to be legally required to wear a helmet, arguing accident and emergency units see a spike in crash-related injuries during the summer months.

Speaking on RTÉ's Radio 1 programme Dr Carol Blackburn, a paediatric emergency medicine consultant at CHI Crumlin, argued that the data from Australia is "well demonstrated" and said a mandatory helmet law would likely see "hospitalisations for significant head injuries reduced".

"The data that we have would demonstrate that the safety of bicycle helmets for cycling collisions can reduce the instance of serious brain injury by up to 80 per cent and can reduce facial injuries by around two thirds, and that's in children and young people colliding with other vehicles or just falling off their bicycle," she said.

Asked if she wished to see Ireland follow Australia's lead and introduce a requirement for cyclists to wear helmets, she said: "I think so. We know there is data in Australia that after the wearing of bicycle helmets was made a legal requirement, hospitalisations for significant head injuries reduced so there is an impact of it.

"Also compliance increases and it is a good thing for children to see and a good habit to get into. In many ways it is a simple intervention, helmets are not expensive any more, I think for most people if they can afford a bicycle a small additional cost for a bicycle would not impede them. The benefits are really quite well demonstrated internationally, so yes we would love to see it become a requirement in Ireland."

As the weather improves through spring and into May, Dr Blackburn reports "we start to see children who come in having sustained injuries from road traffic accidents where they've come off their bicycles or scooters, but mostly bicycles".

"Some of these injuries would include fairly significant head injuries; like moderate severity concussions, perhaps skull fractures or indeed facial lacerations and other injuries, a certain number of which would certainly be prevented if these children and young people have been wearing properly fitted bicycle helmets.

"On a bicycle a child is very exposed, there really is nothing protecting them from the elements if they are to collide with something or to come off their bicycle."

The helmet debate is a well-trodden path, the science around wearing helmets complicated. A 2017 review by statisticians at the University of New South Wales found that, based on 40 separate studies, helmet use significantly reduced the odds of head injury, and that the probability of suffering a fatal head injury was lower when cyclists wore a helmet although, the authors noted, helmets cannot eliminate the risk of injury entirely.

Another study from the same year, from Norway's Institute of Transport Economics, concluded – based on an overview of almost 30 years' worth of analysis – that bike helmets reduced head injury by 48 per cent, serious head injury by 60 per cent, traumatic brain injury by 53 per cent, facial injury by 23 per cent, and the total number of killed or seriously injured cyclists by 34 per cent.

However, while they are certainly useful when it comes to lessening the potential severity of a serious head injury, helmets have proved markedly less effective when it comes to preventing concussion, a reality of their protective limitations recognised by only one in five competitive cyclists, according to a recent study.

"Our conclusions are not that cycling headgear doesn't afford protection, but that more independent research underpinning new technologies marketed for reducing concussion is needed," said the study's lead, and former racing cyclist, Dr Jack Hardwicke last year.

In 2020, Eric Richter, the senior brand development manager at Giro also spoke out clarifying some of the "many misconceptions" about helmets, explaining how they "do not design helmets specifically to reduce chances or severity of injury when impacts involve a car".

Away from the science of injury and helmets' effectiveness, campaigners have argued that in the hierarchy of methods to protect cyclists, legal requirements for personal protective equipment should not be prioritised over reducing dangerous driving and building safe cycle routes, Chris Boardman in 2014 calling helmets a "red herring".

Speaking to road.cc he suggested widespread use of helmets spreads the wrong message and "scares people off".

"We've got to tackle the helmet debate head on because it's so annoying," Boardman said. "I think the helmet issue is a massive red herring. It's not even in the top 10 of things you need to do to keep cycling safe or more widely, save the most lives."

Research from Dr Ian Walker also found that drivers gave cyclists wearing helmets less room when overtaking, while last week we reported a new study from Australia that found that cyclists wearing helmets were seen as "less human" than those without.

> "Not at all surprised": Cyclists react to research showing riders wearing helmets and high-visibility clothing seen as "less human"

That research came just days before Conservative MP Mark Pawsey raised the question of mandatory helmets in Parliament, suggesting: "If mandatory safety measures are acceptable for car drivers, they should surely be acceptable for cyclists."

As recently as December his own government had shut down similar talk, the Department for Transport saying it has "no intention" to make wearing a helmet while cycling a legal requirement.

Dan is the road.cc news editor and joined in 2020 having previously written about nearly every other sport under the sun for the Express, and the weird and wonderful world of non-league football for The Non-League Paper. Dan has been at road.cc for four years and mainly writes news and tech articles as well as the occasional feature. He has hopefully kept you entertained on the live blog too.

Never fast enough to take things on the bike too seriously, when he's not working you'll find him exploring the south of England by two wheels at a leisurely weekend pace, or enjoying his favourite Scottish roads when visiting family. Sometimes he'll even load up the bags and ride up the whole way, he's a bit strange like that.

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108 comments

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hawkinspeter replied to ShutTheFrontDawes | 1 year ago
2 likes

ShutTheFrontDawes wrote:
marmotte27 wrote:

Common good not your forte. But then we knew that.

Reducing risk not in the common good? My mistake.

If reducing risk also reduces the health benefits by acting as a barrier to getting people to cycle, then it could easily end up causing more harm than it prevents. Society is better off with getting as many people onto bikes as possible if only for the health benefits (there's also the pollution and congestion issues that would improve), so that should be the focus and one of the biggest reasons that people don't cycle is because they perceive it as being dangerous. Focussing on PPE rather than driving standards only enhances the view of cycling as a dangerous activity.

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ShutTheFrontDawes replied to hawkinspeter | 1 year ago
1 like
hawkinspeter wrote:

If reducing risk also reduces the health benefits by acting as a barrier to getting people to cycle, then it could easily end up causing more harm than it prevents.

I would be interested in any data to back up the assertion that I think you're making (along the lines of "trying to make cycling safer by suggesting or mandating helmets makes them think it's more dangerous" -please correct me if I've misunderstood). We as human beings seem to do things more readily if we think it's safer. Eburt has explained a logical argument that some people take more risks when cycling with a helmet because they think their helmet makes them more immortal than reality.

If mandating helmets (for the sake of example, I don't advocate for that) made people think that cycling is dangerous on the basis that "they're trying to make it safer - it must be dangerous", wouldn't the same logic apply to other ways of making cycling safer? E.g. infra improvements? (I should clarify I'm all for infra improvements and not suggesting for a moment we shouldn't improve infra)

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hawkinspeter replied to ShutTheFrontDawes | 1 year ago
3 likes

ShutTheFrontDawes wrote:

I would be interested in any data to back up the assertion that I think you're making (along the lines of "trying to make cycling safer by suggesting or mandating helmets makes them think it's more dangerous" -please correct me if I've misunderstood). We as human beings seem to do things more readily if we think it's safer. Eburt has explained a logical argument that some people take more risks when cycling with a helmet because they think their helmet makes them more immortal than reality. If mandating helmets (for the sake of example, I don't advocate for that) made people think that cycling is dangerous on the basis that "they're trying to make it safer - it must be dangerous", wouldn't the same logic apply to other ways of making cycling safer? E.g. infra improvements? (I should clarify I'm all for infra improvements and not suggesting for a moment we shouldn't improve infra)

I'll have a look for some data in a bit, though I suspect it'll be hard to find as it's more to do with people's attitudes.

It's a different scenario with segregated infrastructure as that tends to emphasis the danger that drivers pose and it fits in with people's expectations as we have a segregated environment for walking (i.e. pavements) and certainly walking is not seen as a dangerous activity.

I think the danger aspect is often emphasised by well meaning cyclists/helmet advocates that declare things like "you'd be an idiot to cycle without a helmet" or "you've only got one head" etc. (not accusing you of saying that, by the way). That makes people think that the danger from drivers is mainly encountered when cycling although there's a similar danger level posed to pedestrians. By promoting cycle helmets and not pedestrian helmets, there's a bias introduced into people's attitudes towards cycling.

Edit: found this which is close: http://rachelaldred.org/writing/reframing-safety-an-analysis-of-perceptions-of-safety-clothing/

There's also this which is semi-related to your point about cycle lanes increasing the perception of risk: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260266221_Safe_Cycling_How_Do_Risk_Perceptions_Compare_With_Observed_Risk

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ShutTheFrontDawes replied to hawkinspeter | 1 year ago
2 likes

Thanks for sharing. They both seem to suggest that when people feel less safe, they cycle less, and when they wear helmets and high Vis, they feel safer. There's interesting outliers regarding observed vs perceived risks too.

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marmotte27 replied to ShutTheFrontDawes | 1 year ago
4 likes

Promoting cycling is in the common good, motoring is not.

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Paul J | 1 year ago
11 likes

Head injuries are a small fraction of serious cycling injuries.

If you reduce a small fraction by 50%, you turn a small fraction into (in absolute terms) another marginally lower small fraction.

E.g., if you have 2 head injury in 200 injuries (and based on stats I heard from Irish Cycling's doctor on /race/ injuries this may be over-stating head injuries), and you reduce these by 50% with helmets, then you now have 1 head injury in 199. The "50% effective!" helmets have reduced your injuries overall by... 0.5% overall. (Ignoring that head injury is likely to correlate strongly with incurring other injuries).

This is simply not the answer to cycling injuries, overwhelmingly due to dozy motor vehicle drivers. Helmets utterly fail to do anything about all the other injuries and deaths. They are useless as a systematic intervention.

Worse, the Australian experience is that cycling participation *plummeted* after mandatory helmet laws. *Especially* amongst teens and *even more so* amongst teenage girls - they care about hair.

This idiotic medic effectively wants to damn hundreds of hearts and cardiovascular systems, in order to save 1 head.

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Paul J replied to Paul J | 1 year ago
8 likes

Oh, and when cycling participation plummets, the roads get _less_ safe - in terms of risk per exposure time - for the remaining cyclists. Australia is no safer overall for the (remaining) cyclists. They might see slightly lower head injuries (pro rate) but their overall risk of injury or death per km has *increased* since mandatory helmets laws.

Well done idiotic medics, who are simply *NOT QUALIFIED* on the broader epidemiology of cycle helmets, health and well being.

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wycombewheeler replied to Paul J | 1 year ago
4 likes

Paul J wrote:

 This idiotic medic effectively wants to damn hundreds of hearts and cardiovascular systems, in order to save 1 head.

 

This medic does not work in the dardiovascular department, they are only interested in reducing the workload they see.

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eburtthebike replied to Paul J | 1 year ago
5 likes

Paul J wrote:

Helmets utterly fail to do anything about all the other injuries and deaths.

No no no no no.  In the study done by Thompson, Rivara and Thompson, the grandaddies of helmet promotion and lies, it was found that helmets not only protected the head, but the rest of the body as well.  Incredibly, that study is still being quoted, even though it has been disproved.

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ShutTheFrontDawes replied to Paul J | 1 year ago
1 like
Paul J wrote:

Head injuries are a small fraction of serious cycling injuries.

RoSPA says "Head injuries [...] are very common injuries to cyclists. Hospital data shows that over 40% of cyclists [...] suffer head injuries" and that over 70% if cyclist fatalities in London have moderate or serious head injuries (80% in rural).

I wouldn't call that a small fraction.
https://www.rospa.com/media/documents/road-safety/cycling-accidents-fact...

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chrisonabike replied to ShutTheFrontDawes | 1 year ago
2 likes

Of course just because there are lots of head injuries that doesn't mean that helmets would have helped (especially in the case of motor vehicle involvement / fatalities)...  but getting a fair measure of that from the data seems a difficult task.

Anyway, thanks, it's certainly worth a read of that RoSPA doc.

RoSPA wrote:

Almost two thirds of cyclists killed or seriously injured were involved in collisions at, or near, a road junction, with T-junctions being the most commonly involved. Roundabouts are particularly dangerous junctions for cyclists. Not surprisingly, the severity of injuries suffered by cyclists increases with the speed limit, meaning that riders are more likely to suffer serious or fatal injuries on higher speed roads. Almost half of cyclist deaths occur on rural roads.

...which to me points pretty clearly to the main source of danger in the UK.  Of course that doesn't mean that addressing this (danger from motor vehicles) would bring the most reduction in casualties per pound!  Indeed I'm sure fixing that would be more expensive and certainly more political effort than other possibles.  However it would bring a host of other benefits e.g. facilitating mass cycling.  Data suggest that would have a net positive health impact on the population (even allowing for more cycle crashes).

A Dutch analogue of the report might be of interest.  (I think VeiligheidNL are analogous to RoSPA - note though there is a separate specific Road Safety organisation, SWOV). There the main cause of death and injury is cyclists crashing on their own.  Head injuries are also high there and in the NL case that is most likely exactly where head protection might make a significant positive difference (e.g. relatively low speed falls and crashes).

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ShutTheFrontDawes replied to chrisonabike | 1 year ago
1 like
chrisonatrike wrote:

Of course just because there are lots of head injuries that doesn't mean that helmets would have helped (especially in the case of motor vehicle involvement / fatalities)...  but getting a fair measure of that from the data seems a difficult task.

Anyway, thanks, it's certainly worth a read of that RoSPA doc.

RoSPA wrote:

Almost two thirds of cyclists killed or seriously injured were involved in collisions at, or near, a road junction, with T-junctions being the most commonly involved. Roundabouts are particularly dangerous junctions for cyclists. Not surprisingly, the severity of injuries suffered by cyclists increases with the speed limit, meaning that riders are more likely to suffer serious or fatal injuries on higher speed roads. Almost half of cyclist deaths occur on rural roads.

...which to me points pretty clearly to the main source of danger in the UK.  Of course that doesn't mean that addressing this (danger from motor vehicles) would bring the most reduction in casualties per pound!  Indeed I'm sure fixing that would be more expensive and certainly more political effort than other possibles.  However it would bring a host of other benefits e.g. facilitating mass cycling.  Data suggest that would have a net positive health impact on the population (even allowing for more cycle crashes).

A Dutch analogue of the report might be of interest.  (I think VeiligheidNL are analogous to RoSPA - note though there is a separate specific Road Safety organisation, SWOV). There the main cause of death and injury is cyclists crashing on their own.  Head injuries are also high there and in the NL case that is most likely exactly where head protection might make a significant positive difference (e.g. relatively low speed falls and crashes).

Indeed, I'm not going to say that all/most/some/none of those head injuries would have been reduced/prevented by helmet wearing. And indeed some of those cyclists would have been wearing helmets anyway. I was merely pointing out that head injuries do not appear to be a "small fraction" of cyclist injuries.

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hawkinspeter | 1 year ago
9 likes

Quote:

We would love to see it become a requirement in Ireland

Is that because they want to be treating an obese population with sedentary diseases?

How do these people avoid looking at any statistics for causes of death and just randomly decide that cycling must be a massive problem that needs PPE intervention? Why did she just look at Australia and not all the various European countries that have enabled larger numbers of cyclists?

I can't believe that she's that stupid, so I reckon she's been put up to this by some oil/motor consortium.

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Paul J replied to hawkinspeter | 1 year ago
10 likes

I am pretty sure medics have vastly over-inflated opinions of themselves. These consultants are treated like gods within their little worlds, and they feel like god
- don't they use their incredible skills to save people's lives every day?

They then conclude they are indeed all but god like beings. This confidence they carry over when making pronouncements on all other aspects of society.

As a result, when you compare their _confidence_ in their own knowledge and judgement, to what they /actually/ know, they are basically utter idiots.

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eburtthebike replied to Paul J | 1 year ago
3 likes

What's the difference between god and a consultant? 

God doesn't think he's a consultant.

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Deeferdonk | 1 year ago
3 likes

"We know there is data in Australia that after the wearing of bicycle helmets was made a legal requirement, hospitalisations for significant head injuries reduced so there is an impact of it"

The introduction of helmets to troops in WW1 resulted in an increase of head injuries - but with a commensurate reduction in deaths, as a soldier who would have previously been killed now ended up with a head injury. Shouldn't something similar have been seen with cycle helmets if they work?

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hawkinspeter replied to Deeferdonk | 1 year ago
7 likes

Deeferdonk wrote:

"We know there is data in Australia that after the wearing of bicycle helmets was made a legal requirement, hospitalisations for significant head injuries reduced so there is an impact of it"

The introduction of helmets to troops in WW1 resulted in an increase of head injuries - but with a commensurate reduction in deaths, as a soldier who would have previously been killed now ended up with a head injury. Shouldn't something similar have been seen with cycle helmets if they work?

The greatest effect of mandatory helmets in Australia was to reduce the number of cyclists and to enable police to target poor communities and racial minorities.

I can't remember the details, but I recall that the number of head collisions needing treatment reduced less than the reduction in cyclists which would mean that it was likely more dangerous to cycle after the law was introduced (probably due to the "safety in numbers" effect with cycling).

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grOg replied to hawkinspeter | 1 year ago
0 likes

'The greatest effect of mandatory helmets in Australia was to reduce the number of cyclists and to enable police to target poor communities and racial minorities'.. only a Guardian reading lefty would believe this nonsense.

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Hirsute replied to grOg | 1 year ago
4 likes

And yet you fail to show any counter argument or data or a link.
Best to throw in mild insults.

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hawkinspeter replied to grOg | 1 year ago
2 likes

grOg wrote:

'The greatest effect of mandatory helmets in Australia was to reduce the number of cyclists and to enable police to target poor communities and racial minorities'.. only a Guardian reading lefty would believe this nonsense.

https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/cycling-without-a-helmet-in-these-suburbs-the-quickest-route-to-police-search-20200514-p54svz.html

Quote:

Bike fines have become the "quickest and easiest route" to a search and the "socio-economic litmus test" of policing as they disproportionately hit those in lower-income areas, Redfern legal centre police accountability practice head Samantha Lee said.

Often for a young person, a bike is their only mode of transport, and if they get stopped for riding on the footpath, asked why they haven't got a helmet, that escalates into a search and they may get annoyed and swear.

"It leads to the trifecta," Ms Lee said. "Fine for not wearing a helmet, fine for offensive language, and then fine for resisting arrest."

NSW Police declined to answer detailed questions about warnings, where and how bicycle fines have been issued.

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Bentrider | 1 year ago
3 likes
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HoldingOn replied to Bentrider | 1 year ago
7 likes

Quote:

Cycle helmets don't provide protection, says neurosurgeon

Henry Marsh called into question the benefits of helmets at the Hay Festival

Why would they need helmets at the Hay Festival?

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brooksby replied to HoldingOn | 1 year ago
5 likes

HoldingOn wrote:

Quote:

Cycle helmets don't provide protection, says neurosurgeon

Henry Marsh called into question the benefits of helmets at the Hay Festival

Why would they need helmets at the Hay Festival?

Books falling off shelves?

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OnYerBike replied to HoldingOn | 1 year ago
3 likes

https://beerhelmetaction.wordpress.com/

I assume beverages are available at the Hay Festival?

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mattw replied to HoldingOn | 1 year ago
5 likes

Presumably the each-other-hating authors having fights.

Should mandate a cycle bog-snorkeling competition.

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Bentrider | 1 year ago
2 likes

Whoa!  Whoa!   Hold up, hang on a minute....

https://i.imgur.com/rOKpi1L.gif

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Daveyraveygravey | 1 year ago
14 likes

"We know there is data in Australia that after the wearing of bicycle helmets was made a legal requirement, hospitalisations for significant head injuries reduced so there is an impact of it."

Um, we also know that the number of people cycling was DECIMATED by the introduction of mandatory helmets in Australia.  No wonder the hospitalisations decreased.  sad Or is the good doctor trying to pull the wool over our eyes?

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joe9090 | 1 year ago
8 likes

Can I just say, that in the picture of the article above, and in keeping with alot of my observations on the roads of NL and London, when looking at the fitting and especially the adjustment of the helmet straps, in around 2/3rd of cases of helmet wearing I observe, the straps are flapping around, and that helmet is gonna do sweet FA in the event it is needed. In fact, its more dangerous to wear a loosely adjusted helmet than no helmet at all.
The idiots (the Dr in today's case) that advovate for mandatory use are likely themselves 'helmets'. 

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OldRidgeback replied to joe9090 | 1 year ago
4 likes

One chap I see regularly in my area never does up his helmet when cycling. I just saw someone wearing her helmet back to front, protecting the rear of her head.

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