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MPs call for “urgent reform” of Cycle to Work scheme to tackle active travel inequality

The All-Party Parliamentary Group for Cycling and Walking has also urged the government to clamp down on pavement parking and remove discriminatory access barriers on bike paths, highlighting “systemic underinvestment” in active travel

The Cycle to Work scheme should be rebranded “Cycle for Health” and opened up to low-income employees, freelance workers, and pensioners, as part of a series of reforms urgently required to tackle inequality and lack of access to active travel, the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Cycling and Walking (APPGCW) has said.

A report published by the cross-party group of MPs this morning, assessing ‘social justice’ in active travel, including the barriers that prevent people from cycling, walking, and wheeling, also called on the government to tackle pavement parking, remove discriminatory access barriers from cycleways and footpaths, and ensure that inclusive mobility is included as a legal design standard for all active travel projects.

The report, authored by Tom Cohen and Ersilia Verlinghieri of the University of Westminster’s Active Travel Academy, explored what the APPGCW described as the “wide disparities in opportunities to travel actively”, based on gender, age, disability, ethnicity, faith, sexual orientation, economic status, and residential setting.

Nine expert witnesses gave evidence to the inquiry at a parliamentary hearing, while the report’s findings were also based on evidence from nearly 100 individuals and organisations.

Cyclists at traffic lights, London © Simon MacMichaelCyclists at traffic lights, London © Simon MacMichael (credit: road.cc)

The report, noting that government ambitions for cycling and walking have “stalled”, identified “three principal barriers” to active travel in the UK, including the uneven provision of “appropriate environments”, the uneven distribution of and access to cycles and mobility aids, and unsupportive environments and culture.

The high cost of cycles and mobility aids, unsafe streets, lack of inclusive infrastructure, and “systemic underinvestment” were also highlighted as “key obstacles” that disproportionately affect marginalised communities from participating in active travel.

> "Those who don't see themselves may feel cycling is not for them": Images of cyclists lack diversity and focus on cycling as leisure rather than transport, researchers suggest

According to the inquiry, for actions addressing social injustice in active travel to have their “full impact”, three fundamental changes are required: reducing road danger, predictable and sustained funding, and for all active travel infrastructure to be of a high standard.

This sustained investment and collaboration across government departments is key, the report says, to tackling inactivity among disadvantaged groups.

Based on the inquiry’s findings, the report published nine key recommendations, which the APPGCW says will guide its campaign efforts in parliament.

The first of these recommendations involves reducing the financial barriers to cycling by reforming the Cycle to Work scheme to enable access for low-income workers, freelance workers, and pensioners, who are all ineligible for the current initiative.

> "Cycle to work schemes are sucking the lifeblood out of cycle shops": Bike shops tell Parliamentary Committee of "need for urgent systemic change" to Cycle to Work scheme

The government’s Cycle to Work scheme – which this month was described by the Daily Telegraph as an opportunity for “middle-aged men in Lycra earning six figures” to buy “fancy new toys” – has come in for criticism in recent years, amid claims it is “sucking the lifeblood out of cycle shops”.

Last year, the Association of Cycle Traders (ACT) and senior figures from cycling retailers met with MPs from the APPGCW to make their case about the “need for urgent systematic change” of Cycle to Work.

And now, focusing on the accessibility, rather than the business side of things, the cross-party group’s report has called for Cycle to Work to be rebranded as “Cycle for Health”, opening it up to more people.

This shift, the report says, would help make cycling affordable by “supporting low-income individuals, subsidising e-cycles, recognising adapted cycles as mobility aids under Motability, expanding low-cost cycle hire schemes, and capping cycle hangar fees”.

Another reform urgently required, according to the report, is the need to clamp down on pavement parking, which disproportionately affects disabled people and parents with young children, the APPGCW pointing out that a government consultation on this issue has gone unanswered since 2020.

> Cycle lane outside primary school blocked twice a day by parents parking illegally, but council "dismissive" of cyclists' concerns

“We urge the government to respond to their overdue pavement parking consultation, make unnecessary obstruction a civil offence, empowering local authorities to enforce penalties, and ensure accessible streets,” the report says.

The report also urged the government to make inclusive mobility a minimum standard for designing infrastructure “to ensure active travel infrastructure works for everyone”, and called for the removal of discriminatory barriers from cycleways and footpaths while strengthening action against antisocial motorcycle use.

“Access control barriers often block disabled people and those with non-standard cycles while failing to stop antisocial motorcycle use,” the report noted. “New guidance should focus on inclusive design, removal of historic barriers, and tougher enforcement against illegal riding.”

Cyclists in London male and female in cycle laneCyclists in London male and female in cycle lane (credit: Simon MacMichael)

Among the APPGCW’s other recommendations are the need to provide stable, long-term funding for grassroots organisations to increase participation, better data collection, ensuring UK-wide access to free cycle training, widening its current reach, communicating with diverse community voices when planning projects, and building social justice into performance management in local transport.

“Walking, wheeling, and cycling should be available to everyone, but right now, too many people are excluded,” Labour MP Fabian Hamilton, the co-chair of the APPGCW, said in a statement marking the report’s publication.

“If we are serious about increasing active travel, we must address the systemic barriers that prevent millions from participating. This report provides clear, actionable solutions to make active travel truly inclusive. We will be working hard in parliament to push for change.”

> British Cycling unveils “bold” four-year strategy to get people riding bikes – but road safety expert blasts failure to “tackle danger for cyclists”

Caroline Julian, brand and engagement director at British Cycling, which supported the report’s work along with solicitor Leigh Day, said: “Cycling has the power to transform lives, but too often, the people who stand to benefit the most are unable to take part. The barriers outlined in this report are therefore a matter of social justice that need to be addressed now.

“We must ensure that cost, infrastructure, and safety concerns make walking, wheeling, and cycling truly accessible to all. Together with our partner, Leigh Day, we wholeheartedly support these recommendations and urge national and local governments to adopt them with urgency.”

Meanwhile, Naseem Akhtar, CEO at Saheli Hub, a Birmingham community group that encourages women from disadvantaged communities to cycle, added: “Community organisations like Saheli Hub play a vital role in empowering women, particularly those from marginalised backgrounds, to access walking, wheeling, and cycling.

“However, the biggest barrier we face is the lack of long-term funding. Short-term grants force us into a cycle of uncertainty, limiting our ability to build sustainable, impactful programmes.

“Community-led initiatives are often best placed to reach underrepresented groups, but we cannot continue this important work without financial stability.”

After obtaining a PhD, lecturing, and hosting a history podcast at Queen’s University Belfast, Ryan joined road.cc in December 2021 and since then has kept the site’s readers and listeners informed and enthralled (well at least occasionally) on news, the live blog, and the road.cc Podcast. After boarding a wrong bus at the world championships and ruining a good pair of jeans at the cyclocross, he now serves as road.cc’s senior news writer. Before his foray into cycling journalism, he wallowed in the equally pitiless world of academia, where he wrote a book about Victorian politics and droned on about cycling and bikes to classes of bored students (while taking every chance he could get to talk about cycling in print or on the radio). He can be found riding his bike very slowly around the narrow, scenic country lanes of Co. Down.

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52 comments

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Steve K replied to Rendel Harris | 4 days ago
2 likes

Rendel Harris wrote:

PenLaw wrote:

Also, the mobility scheme is overkill too. The norm here, needs to be etrikes, not cars.

A lot of people leasing cars on the Motability scheme are not capable of mounting an etrike, let alone using it as their sole means of transport. Additionally, whilst for people who enjoy full health the axiom that there is no bad weather, just bad clothing choices, is very much true, asking people with compromised immune systems to use bicycle/tricycle transport in freezing and/or wet weather is asking for trouble. Also, many disabled people who lease cars under the scheme may work at a considerable distance from their home and/or live a long way from their families and public transport frequently isn't a viable option for them. Even if you have the battery range, asking people to do a 60 mile round-trip commute on a 15 mph tricycle isn't realistic. I'm all for any scheme that gets cars off the road provided it's realistic and equitable but telling disabled people they can't have cars isn't one of those.

I'd be very interested to see the venn diagram of people who are currently complaining about Motability and people who pray in aid disabled people to oppose LTNs/cycle lanes etc.  I suspect the overlap bit would be very large.

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OnYerBike | 5 days ago
8 likes

Shame the report didn't really go into what they meant by "revising" the Cycle to Work scheme. They say it should be revised to "extend the scheme’s tax benefits to those on low incomes, self-employed people and pensioners" but as long as the scheme is fundamentally based on income tax relief, it's always going to be regressive, favour those with the highest income, and exclude those in most need (i.e. those with no income, or whose income is below the Personal Allowance). 

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mdavidford replied to OnYerBike | 5 days ago
5 likes

It's odd that it includes a recommendation to subsidise the purchase of e-bikes for those on low incomes, but not bikes generally.

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chrisonabike replied to mdavidford | 5 days ago
1 like

Presumably "can't deliver a kebab on a racer?"

Guesses as to "it's not for *fun*, you know*", because EAPCs are expensive but you can get an unpowered bike for very little, or have they been advised by "experts from industry"?

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wtjs | 5 days ago
5 likes

Pretty much an anodyne non-report, as expected. Nothing about police actively acting against cyclist safety, and nothing about effective discouragement of close-passing. Active travel will remain 'stalled'

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wtjs replied to wtjs | 4 days ago
0 likes

There should be a disclaimer at the head of this report:

No drivers were annoyed or inconvenienced during the production of this report and we can reassure them that nothing will change as a result of it

This may seem harsh criticism of a collection of probably well-meaning people but there seems to have been a determination to avoid upsetting anyone while appeasing cyclists/ walkers with recommendations which they know are destined for the same place as the recommendations in the previous reports. CoaB has been persistent in pointing out that conditions for cyclists and walkers can only improve if the tradition of pandering to motorists is reversed- yet, we see in the Norwich roundabout topic that very pandering in full voice. The cheery recumbent, trike and handcycle riders in the report photos are not going to be so cheerful trying to get to those cycle parking bays at Norfolk and Norwich Hospital! There is a section in the report including the recommendations of the 2023 Road Justice report, but they have given up on the practice in that report of assessing progress on the recommendations in the previous 2017 Cycling and the Justice System. The reason for now avoiding this is that there wasn't any, and there hasn't been any now.

Oh!  how we laugh at the 2017 statement The Ministry of Justice should examine in more detail how these offences are being used, including the penalties available for offences of careless and dangerous driving; the 2023 reference to it: In December 2021, the Government recommitted to review road traffic offences, a commitment initially made in 2014. The review still has not commenced, however. And then we look at the progress made by March 2025...

The section to look at, if you're interested in 'progress', is Appendix 2 of the 2023 report. Unfortunately, this hard-hitting style has been abandoned in favour of 'Equality and Diversity' photos of a load of women on Bromptons in a park.

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polainm replied to wtjs | 3 days ago
2 likes

100% this. Policing mentality is formed by social 'norms', and the cyclist witchhunting across social media is the UK norm. Close passing a person with a 2 tonne machine at speed is the UK norm. Cycle theft is the UK norm. 

This is country where an newspaper can publish a editor's views on cutting peoples' heads off with a tightly strung wire across a cycle path and....nothing. This level of hatred towards people using a bicycle is the UK norm. 

Until THIS rotten vitriolic toxicity is stamped out, nothing will change. 

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BBB | 5 days ago
10 likes

One of the major goals should be simplifing the C2W system so there is no need for middlemen taking their 10% share.There should be no need for those companies to exist.

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mark1a replied to BBB | 5 days ago
1 like

BBB wrote:

One of the major goals should be simplifing the C2W system so there is no need for middlemen taking their 10% share.There should be no need for those companies to exist.

I know what you mean, well-known militant and socialist man of the people Derek Hatton made millions out of it.

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Pub bike | 5 days ago
8 likes

"The high cost of cycles and mobility aids, unsafe streets, lack of inclusive infrastructure, and “systemic underinvestment” were also highlighted as “key obstacles” that disproportionately affect marginalised communities from participating in active travel."

I think of all the barriers to cycling, the "high cost of cycles" comes pretty far down on the list.  Only walking is cheaper.  If you're a regular user of public transport and switch to cycling, the equipment can pay for itself in months not years.

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thrawed replied to Pub bike | 5 days ago
1 like

It's the 'sam vimes theory of socioeconomic unfairness', it's cheaper long term to buy a good set of boots that lasts you a lifetime than have to repeatably buy cheap boots that keep falling apart. The main obstacle is being able to afford that big initial lump sum. A train ticket might be £5 here and there, while a moderately nice bike is £1000 or more. So to a lot of people living pay cheque to pay cheque the £5 option is the only one.

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Backladder replied to thrawed | 5 days ago
4 likes

Anyone living pay cheque to pay cheque is not in the market for a £1000 bike but since prices for used bikes start at £0 there are usually options if they can overcome the other obstacles.

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mctrials23 replied to thrawed | 5 days ago
5 likes

You don't need a moderately nice bike. You just need a bike. You can pick up a perfectly good bike for £100. If you want to get into road cycling then yes, you will probably want to spend more but I have friends who ride thousands of miles a year on bikes they paid almost nothing for. 

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stonojnr replied to mctrials23 | 5 days ago
1 like

This, exactly. I don't know where this myth that cycling is expensive comes from,

Yes you can make it expensive buying all the latest greatest tech, gadgets and kit.

But it really doesn't have to be expensive at all, and isn't remotely the main barrier for people.

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Rendel Harris replied to mctrials23 | 5 days ago
4 likes

mctrials23 wrote:

You don't need a moderately nice bike. You just need a bike. You can pick up a perfectly good bike for £100. If you want to get into road cycling then yes, you will probably want to spend more but I have friends who ride thousands of miles a year on bikes they paid almost nothing for. 

This is absolutely true, I've just come back from a 38 km potter around London during various errands having a wonderful time on my lovely Specialized Tricross workhorse that I bought secondhand for £135. However, I think there is an understandable attraction for people who are just getting into cycle commuting in buying a new bike with a warranty and an assurance that it has been professionally set up and isn't going to require any specialist knowledge to make it safe or efficient. I think that probably covers a lot of people using the C2W scheme, if you know about bikes and are a reasonably competent mechanic you can save much more money than the scheme would save you by searching out secondhand bargains, but not everybody has that skill/knowledge.

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Robert Hardy replied to thrawed | 4 days ago
4 likes

High grade components though are often less durable than much cheaper alternatives, just lighter and possibly a little slicker.

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chrisonabike replied to Pub bike | 5 days ago
4 likes

Amen.

This is in the same category as adjusting laws pertaining to errant cyclists, or promoting PPE. There are any number of things which would seem to be a higher priority or offer far better "returns".

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Pub bike replied to chrisonabike | 5 days ago
1 like

What I'm going to infer from the whole situation is that since the government (ie voting majorities) aren't going to accept changes in their behaviour that improve the safety of cycling the most cyclists can expect is to get a tax break on buying a bike.

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Tom_77 replied to Pub bike | 5 days ago
2 likes

Pub bike wrote:

I think of all the barriers to cycling, the "high cost of cycles" comes pretty far down on the list.

As highlighted in the report, if you're disabled then the cost can be a significant barrier. E.g. I'm not seeing any budget options for handcycles.

 

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chrisonabike replied to Tom_77 | 5 days ago
2 likes

Indeed, but given that *actual physical barriers* (never mind all the inconsiderate parking) are still being put up... perhaps they could have put that in a bigger font?

Or put in some stuff about classification of "mobility aids" (eg. Cycles can be these) or perhaps allowing use of more mobility vehicles on cycle infra?

But... As others have said it sounds like "well - we can't do much about actually making it safer and easier to cycle, never mind looking at the popularity and problems of driving, so... some tax breaks for ebikes? "

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thrawed | 5 days ago
3 likes

They could merge it with that nhs social prescription thing and change it from being referred to by a GP you just let anyone apply online and give it a whole lot more funding.

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mctrials23 | 5 days ago
8 likes

Of course it should. It should be a government run scheme fundamentally and it should probably be capped but allow people to "top it up" if they want to buy something nicer. 

Encouraging active travel and exercise should be one of the governments first priorities. Better for the environment, better for our roads, better for our health, better for the NHS, less traffic, happier people, more connected communities, better drivers. The list is endless. 

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